Book Review/Detailed Look
of
Dr. Helen Fisher's
The First Sex:
The Natural Talents of Women
and
How They Are Changing the World

LINK ONE

Note: the last page number in each cell is the page number on which the quote is found in The First Sex.
You will note that there are some gaps in the page numbers. That is because there is no comparison
between the two sexes found on those pages However, if you don't have the book
in front of you, you're missing vaulable
information about the female of our species

Please purchase the book by clicking on the link above
and discover the many talents of women.

The following “links” of the sex differences found in Helen Fisher’s book, The First Sex is the completion
of a project that I started with the essay/chart found below the references.  That essay/chart is called Gender Differences in the
DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 4th Edition) An Observation From an Evolutionary Perspective.
http://www.evoyage.com/BillsEssays/genderdifferences.htm 
If you click on the chart you will see that I have five columns; two for each sex and one for both. 
If you compare this DSM chart with the First Sex chart you will notice that the sexes/genders are switched. 
My brain is telling me to reverse the DSM chart and have the males on the left and the females on the right side. 
I know that you’re smart enough to do the switch, but it would make a neater package.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

DEEP HISTORY

DEEP HISTORY

An Immodest Proposal

An Immodest Proposal

MALE

FEMALE

“Men have many natural talents.  Among them is a superb understanding of spatial relations, a talent for solving complex mechanical problems, an ability to focus their attention, and a gift for controlling many of their emotions. P.xvii

Women have many exceptional faculties bred in deep history: a talent with words; a capacity to read postures, gestures, facial expressions, and other nonverbal cues; emotional sensitivity; empathy; excellent senses of touch, taste, smell, and hearing; patience; an ability to do and think several things simultaneously; a broad contextual view of any issue; a penchant for long-term planning; a gift for networking and negotiating; an impulse to nurture; and a preference for cooperating, reaching consensus, and leading via egalitarian teams. P. xvii

THE FIRST SEX

THE FIRST SEX

 

In this Chapter I maintain that women, on average, take a broader perspective than men do – on any issue.  Women think contextually, holistically.  They also display more mental flexibility, apply more intuitive and imaginative judgments, and a greater tendency to plan long term – other aspects of their contextual perspective. P. 4

 

Psychologists report, however, that women more regularly think contextually; they take a more ‘holistic’ view of the issue at hand.[McCelland 1975; Gilligan 1982; Tannen 1990].  That is, they integrate more details of the world around them, details ranging from the nuances of body posture to the position of objects in a room.[Hall 1984; Silverman and Eals 1992, pp. 533-49]. P. 5.

 

Female executives, business analysts’ note, tend to approach business issues from a broader perspective than do their male colleagues. [Rosener 1995; Helgesen 1990; Duff 1993] Women tend to gather more data that pertain to a topic and connect these details faster.  As women make decisions, they weigh more variables, consider more options and outcomes, recall more points of view, and see more ways to proceed. P. 5.

 

In short, women tend to think in webs of interrelated factors, not straight lines. I call this female manner of thinking ‘web thinking.’ P. 5

As a general rule, men tend to focus on one thing at a time…Men are good at compartmentalizing their attention…Men tend to tune out extraneous stimuli.  Their thinking process is, on average, more channeled…Faced with a business problem, men tend to focus on the immediate dilemma rather than putting the issue in a larger context.  Unless facts are obviously pertinent, men are inclined to dispense with them.  Then they progress in a straightforward, linear, causal path toward a specific goal: the solution.[Helgesen 1990; Rosener 1995; Tannen 1990; Hampden-Turner 1994, p. 142; Duff 1993]. Pp. 5&6.

 

This capacity for focusing attention is particularly evident in the male attitude toward work.  As psychologist Jacquelynne Eccles puts it, many men show a ‘single-minded devotion’ to their occupation [Eccles 1987; see Browne 1995, p. 1023] p. 6.

 

Men tend to analyze business issues in distinct parts, such as facts, items, chores, units, and other concrete segments. They often view a company as a set of tasks, machines, payments, and jobs – collection of disparate components. [Hampden-Turner 1994] p. 6

 

I call men’s focused, compartmentalizing, incremental reasoning process ‘step thinking.’ P.6.

 

Juggling Many Balls, Wearing Many Hats

Juggling Many Balls, Wearing Many Hats.

[In film screen writing] The scripts that men write tend to be direct and linear…, p. 6,

[In film screen writing] …while women’s compositions have many conflicts, many climaxes, and many endings.[Seger 1996, p. 83] p. 6.

 

‘information about a leader and the nonverbal cues of the leader are integrated more fully by women than by men.’ [Masters and Carlotti 1993, p. 31]. P. 7.

 

“…American female business owners stress intuitive thinking, creativity, sensitivity, and personal values. P. 7

Male business owner’s stress focused thinking, methodical processing of information, and concrete analysis of data. P. 7

 

 

They report that ‘women business owners are thus more easily able to switch among multiple tasks.’ [National Foundation for Women Business Owners 1996, p. 4.] p. 7.

Web Thinking in Childhood

Web Thinking in Childhood

In the classroom, boys are more task-oriented. [Hall 1984]  They concentrate intently on one thing at a time. p. 7.

[in the classroom] Girls have a harder time detaching themselves cognitively from their surrounding. P. 7

[when playing on the computer] boys are likely to head straight for their desired goal..p.7.

[when on computer] girls are more inclined to locate themselves in a broader, more contextual environment. [Gilligan 1982] p. 7.

“…when asked about themselves, boys stress the particulars, while …p. 7.

Girls are more inclined to locate themselves in a broader, more contextual environment [Gilligan 1982] p. 7.

“When Jake was asked how he would describe himself, he discussed his talents, his beliefs, and his height – a set of discrete, particular, concrete facts. pp. 7 & 8.

Amy, on the other hand, placed herself within the context of the wider social world.  pp. 7 & 8.

When these youngster were asked about a situation in which responsibility to oneself and responsibility to others conflicted…Jake compartmentalized the task; he divided his responsibility into parts and allocated specific amounts in specific ways. P.. 8.

When these youngster were asked about a situation in which responsibility to oneself and responsibility to others conflicted…Amy’s reply was contextual, characteristic of feminine web thinking…Amy responds contextually rather than categorically.[Ibib p. 38] p.8.

 

When Gilligan queried college students about their concepts of right and wrong, women were more willing to make exceptions to rules, probably because they weighed more variables and saw more possibilities. P. 8.

[Rorschach inkblot tests] men tend to talk about the details that they see. P. 8.

[ink blots] Women integrate these minutiae into larger patterns and talk about whole creatures they envision instead. [Hampden-Turner 1994] p. 8.

When men write stories, men are more likely to discuss the contests they have won, or when they received a free vacation or caught the biggest fish – concrete, isolated events. P. 8.

Women write about people, places, or embarrassing situations, tales that encompass a broader social context. [Tannen 1994] p. 8

[examining verbal, mathematical and visual-spatial abilities] Men’s skills required the ability to ‘maintain and manipulate mental representations. {“reflect focused linear thought”} p. 8.

[examining verbal, mathematical and visual-spatial abilities] Women’s skills all required ‘rapid access to and retrieval of information that is stored in memory.’ [Halpern 1992, p. 90.] {“Reflect web thinking”} p. 8.

Crossroads of the Mind

Crossroads of the Mind

“Step thinking – focus on the parts – doing one thing at a time. P. 9.

“web thinking” – emphasis on the whole – multitasking. P. 9.

[brain functions where males excel] focus attention, encode data in serial order, plan sequentially, construct hierarchical plans of action, and process data linearly.{all aspects of step-by-step compartmentalized thought}[Grafman 1989; Grafman and Hendler 1991, pp. 563-64; Holyoak and Kroger 1995, pp. 253-63; Grafman, Holoak, and Boller 1995a, pp. 1-411.] p. 10

[brain functions where females excel] enables to predict outcomes from the patterns, display mental flexibility, reason hypothetically, manipulate contingencies, and plan for the future. {all aspects of web thinking} [Stuss et al. 19995, pp. 191-211; Posner 1994, pp. 7398-403; Posner and Dehaene 1994, pp. 75-79; Nichelli et al. 1995, pp. 161-71; Dehaene and Changeux 1995, pp. 305-19. ]. p. 11.

Genes for Web Thinking

Genes for Web Thinking

Women’s Well-Connected Brains

Women’s Well-Connected Brain

The Evolution of Web Thinking

The Evolution of Web Thinking

[evolutionary pressures behind male thought] men had to concentrate – peering from behind a bush, crouching near a water hole, slipping past a sleeping leopard in a tree, trailing cantankerous wounded creatures, then attacking when the time was right…they evolved the brain architecture to screen out peripheral thoughts, focus their attention, and make step-by-step decisions. P. 12

Evolutionary pressures behind female thought]  Ancestral women had the hardest job of any creature that trod the earth: raising long-dependent babies under highly dangerous conditions. [Lancaster 1994]…watch for snakes. Listen for thunder.  Taste for poison.  Rock the sleepy. Distract the cranky.  Instruct the curious.  Soothe the fearful.  Inspire the tardy.  Feed the hungry.  Mothers had to do countless daily chores while they stoked the fire, cooked the food, and talked to friends. P. 12.

Web Thinking in the Office

Web Thinking in the Office

 

[in the office] Because women, on average, do not think in a linear, step-by-step fashion as regularly as men do, men often regard them as less logical, less rational, less concrete, less precise, even less intelligent. P. 13.

 

Women are “process-oriented”  They are “gathering.”  They want to explore the multiple interactions, the multidirectional paths, all of the permutations of the puzzle.  So women regard men as careless, unimaginative, or “tunnel-visioned” when they ignore what women think are important aspects of a problem. P. 13.

Men get frustrated when women raise a host of variables that the men regard as superfluous.  To most men, the immediate goal is more important than the process of arriving at the decision.  They are “hunting” – focusing on the solution.  They don’t want to linger in the process; they want to complete the task.[ Helgesen 1990; Rosener 1995; Duff 1993]  So men think women are trying to undermine a business meeting when women introduce what men see as piles of unnecessary data. P. 13.

 

Please note: The pages in which the footnote appears is above the footnote. example: p5, means the footnote appears on page five, etc.

Footnotes: p5
McClelland, D. C. 1975, Power: The inner Experience, New York: Irvington.

P5
Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a different voice.  Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
P5
Tannen, D. 1990.  You just don’t understand: Women and men in conversation.  New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
P5
Hall, Judith A. 1984.  Noverbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style.  Baltmiore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
P5
Silverman, Irwin, and Marion Eals.  1992. “Sex differences in spatial abilities: Evolutionary theory and data.”  In The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, edited by Jerome Barkow, Leda Cosmides, and John Tooby.  New York: Oxford University Press.
P5
Rosener, Judy B. 1990. “Ways women lead.” Harvard Business Review (November-December): 119-125).
P5
Helgesen, S. 1990.  The female advantage: Women’s ways of leadership. New York: Doubleday/Currency.
P5
Duff, C. S. 1993. When women work together: Using our strengths to overcome our challenges.  Bekeley, Calif.: Conari Press.

P6
Helgesen, S. 1990.  The female advantage: Women’s ways of leadership. New York: Doubleday/Currency.
P6
Rosener, Judy B. 1995.  America’s competitive secret: Women managers.  New York: Oxford University Press.
P6
Tannen, D. 1990.  You just don’t understand: Women and men in conversation.  New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
P6
Hampden-Turner, C. 1994.  “The structure of entrapment: Dilemmas standing in the way of women managers and strategies to resolve these.”  The Deeper News 5 (1): 142. Emeryville, Calif.: Global Business Network.
P6
Duff, C. S. 1993. When women work together: Using our strengths to overcome our challenges.  Bekeley, Calif.: Conari Press.
P6.
Eccles, J. S. 1987. “Gender roles and achievement patterns: An expectancy value perspecitive.” In Masculinity/femininity: Basic perspectives, edited by S. Sander, J.M. Reinisch, L.A. Rosenblum.  New York: Oxford University Press.
P6
Brown, Kingsley R. 1995.  “Sex and temperament in modern society: A Darwinian view of the glass ceiling and the gender gap.”  Arizona Law Review 37 (4): 973-1106 (see p. 1023).
P6
Seger, L. 1996. p. 83. When women call the shots: The developing power and influence of women in television and film. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
P7.
Masters, R. D., and S. J. Carlotti Jr. 1993, p. 31. “Gender differences in response to political leaders.” In Social stratification and socioeconomic inequality, edited by L. Ellis. Vol. 2. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
P7.
National Foundation for women Business Owners. 1996, p. 4.  Research Highlights.  Silver Spring. Md. : National Foundation for Women Business Owners.
P7.
Hall, Judith A. 1984.  Noverbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style.  Baltmiore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
P7.
Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a different voice. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
P8.
Hampden-Turner, C. 1994.  “The structure of entrapment: Dilemmas standing in the way of women managers and strategies to resolve these.”  The Deeper News 5 (1): 142. Emeryville, Calif.: Global Business Network.
P8.
Tannen, D. 1994.  Talking From 9 to 5: How Women’s & Men’s Conversational Styles Affect Who Gets Heard, Who Gets Credit & What Gets Done At Work.  William Morrow & Company.
P8.
Halpern, Diane F. 1992, p. 90. Sex differences in cognitive abilities. 2d ed. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.
P10.
Grafman, J. 1989. “Plans, actions, and mental sets: Managerial knowledge units in the frontal lobe.” In Integrating theory and practice in clinical neuropsychology, edited by E. Perecman.  Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.
P10.
Grafman, J., and J. Hendler. 1991.  “Planning and the brain.”  Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14:563-4.
P10.
Holyoak K. J., and J. K. Kroger. 1995. “Forms of reasoning: Insight into prefrontal functions?  In Structure and functions of the human prefrontal cortex,” edited by J. Grafman, K. J. Holyoak, and F. boller.  Annals of the New York Academy of Science 769: 253-263.
P10.
Grafman, J., K. J. Holyoak, and F. Boller, eds. 1995a. “Preface.” In “Structure and functions of the human prefrontal cortex,” edited by J. Grafman, K. J. Holyoak, and F. boller.  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 769: 1-411.
P11.
Stuss, D. T., T. Shallice, M. P. Alexander, and T. W. Picton. 1995. “A multidisciplinary approach to anterior attentional functions.” In “Structure and functions of the human prefrontal cortex,” edited by J. Grafman, K. J. Holyoak, and F. Boller.  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 769: 191-211.
P. 11.
Posner, M. 1994. “Attention: The mechanisms of consciousness.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 91:7398-7403.
P11.
Posner M., and S. Dehaene. 1994. “Attentional networks.”  Trends in Neuroscience 17:75-79.
P11.
Nichelli, P., K. Clark, C. Hollnagel, and J. Grafman. 1995. “Duration processing after frontal lobe lesions.”  In “Structure and functions of the human prefrontal cortex,” edited by J. Grafman, K. J. Holyoak, and F. Boller.  Annals of the New York academy of Sciences 769:161-171.
P11.
Dehaene, S., and J. P. Changeux. 1995.  “Neuronal models of prefrontal cortical functions.” In “Structure and functions of the human prefrontal cortex,” edited by J. Grafman, K. J. Holyoak, and F. boller.  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 769:305-319.
P12.
Lnacaster, Jane B. 1994. “Human sexuality, life histories, and evolutionary ecology.”  In Sexuality across the life course, edited by A. S. Rossi.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
P. 13.
Helgesen, S. 1990.  The female advantage: Women’s ways of leadership.  New York: Doubleday/Currency.
P. 13.
Rosener, Judy B. 1995.  America’s competitive secret: Women managers.  New York: Oxford University Press.
P. 13.
Duff, C. S. 1993. When women work together: Using our strengths to overcome our challenges.  Bekeley, Calif.: Conari Press.

End of Link One

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